String \ Language (API) \ Wiring ALPHA 1.0
Author: Hernando Barragán
Description: Wiring is an electronic sketchbook and hardware electronics for developing ideas. It is a context for learning fundamentals of computer programming and prototyping with electronics within the context of the electronic arts.
Keywords: Wiring, Processing, Interactive Media, Electronic Arts, Programming, C, C++, Hernando Barragán

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Reference for Wiring version 0024+. If you have a previous version, use the reference included with your software. If you see any errors or have any comments, let us know.

Name | ### String
Examples |
    String s1 = String("string number one"); //  declares s1 with an initial string

    void setup() {
      Serial.begin(9600);
      pinMode(48, OUTPUT);  // turn ON wiring hardware LED
      digitalWrite(48, HIGH);

      String s2 = String(10000);  // s2 holds "10000", equivalent to: String s2 = 10000;
      Serial.println("s2 holds: " + s2);

      String s3 = String(567000, DEC);  // s3 holds "567000"
      Serial.println("s3 holds: " + s3);

      String s4 = "string number four";  // s4 holds "string number four"
      Serial.println("s4 holds: " + s4);

      s4 += " plus another part";  // use + operator to add a string
      Serial.println("now s4 holds: " + s4);  // user + operator when printing to serial

      char c = s4.charAt(5);  // get character at position 5
      Serial.print("c holds: ");
      Serial.println(c);  // prints 'g'

      String s5 = String("string number one");  // s5 holds "string number one"

      int cmp = s1.compareTo(s5);  // compare s1 to s5
      if(cmp == 0) {
        Serial.println("s1 and s5 are equal");  // prints equal
      } else {
        Serial.println("s1 and s5 are different");
      }

      if(s5.endsWith("one"))  // check if s5 ends with "one"
        Serial.println("s5 ends with "one"");  // prints "s5 ends with "one""

      if(s1.equals(s5))  // check if s1 equal to s5
        Serial.println("s1 and s5 are equal");  // prints equal

      String s6 = String("string NUMBER one");  // s6 holds "string NUMBER one"
      if(s5.equalsIgnoreCase(s6))  // check if s5 and s6 are equal ignoring case differences
        Serial.println("s6 and s5 are equal ignoring the case");  // prints equal

      Serial.print("index of char R pn s6 is: ");
      Serial.println(s6.indexOf('R'), DEC);  // prints 12

      Serial.print("index of char R on s6 from index 13 is: ");
      Serial.println(s6.indexOf('R', 13), DEC);  // prints -1, not found

      String s7 = s6.substring(7, 13);
      Serial.println("s7 is: "+s7);  // prints "NUMBER"

      Serial.print("index of string "NUMBER" on s6 is: ");
      Serial.println(s6.indexOf(s7), DEC);  // prints 7

      Serial.print("last index of char 'n' on s6 is: ");
      Serial.println(s6.lastIndexOf('n'), DEC);  // prints 15

      Serial.print("length of s6 is: ");
      Serial.println(s6.length(), DEC);  // prints 15

      s6.setCharAt(15, 'N');  // set character at index 15 to 'N'
      Serial.println("s6 is: "+s6);  // prints "string NUMBER oNe"

      if(s6.startsWith("string"))  // check if s6 starts with "string"
        Serial.println("s6 starts with "string""); // s6 starts with "string" string

      Serial.println("s6 to lower case is: "+s6.toLowerCase());  // prints "string number one"

      Serial.println("s6 to upper case is: "+s6.toUpperCase());  // prints "STRING NUMBER ONE"

      s6.concat(" plus spaces at the end   ");  // concat a string
      Serial.println("s6 is: "+s6);  // prints "string NUMBER oNe plus spaces at the end   "

      Serial.println("trim of s6 is: "+s6.trim());  // prints "string NUMBER oNe plus spaces at the end"

      Serial.println("s6 is: "+s6.replace('e', '5'));  // prints "string NUMBER oN5 plus spac5s at th5 5nd"

      const char *str = s6.toCharArray();  // get the char array
      Serial.print("str is: ");
      Serial.println(str);  // prints "string NUMBER oNe plus spaces at the end   "
    }

    void loop() {

    }
Description | A string is a sequence of characters. The class String includes methods for examining individual characters, comparing strings, searching strings, extracting parts of strings, and for converting an entire string uppercase and lowercase. Strings are always defined inside double quotes ("Abc") and characters are always defined inside single quotes('A'). Note that the Wiring String class has differences with the processing or Java String class. The main difference is that some methods modify the actual string instead of returning a modified copy of it.
Fields |
Methods |
charAt() | Returns the character at the specified index
compareTo() | Compares two strings lexicographically
concat() | Concatenates the String argument specified
endsWith() | Returns true if the current string ends with the input string
equals() | Compares a string to a specified string
equalsIgnoreCase() | Compares a string to a specified string, ignoring case considerations
indexOf() | Returns the index value of the first occurrence of a character or string within the input string
lastIndexOf() | Returns the index value of the last occurrence of a character or string within the input string
length() | Returns the number of characters in the string
setCharAt() | Changes the character specified at the specified index
startsWith() | Returns true if the current string starts with the input string
substring() | Returns a new string that is part of the input string
toLowerCase() | Converts all the characters to lower case
toUpperCase() | Converts all the characters to upper case
trim() | Returns a copy of the string, with leading and trailing whitespace omitted
getBytes() | Returns an array of bytes containing the characters of the String as bytes
toCharArray() | Returns the content of the specified String as an array of chars
replace() | Replaces all the occurrences of a character in a string with the specified character
Constructor |
    String(data)
    String(data, base)
Parameters |
data | byte[], char[]: array of bytes to be decoded into characters or array of characters to be combined into a string, int, long: string conversion of the specified value, String: string to be copied into the created string
base | DEC, HEX, OCT or BIN (exclusive for int or long data)
Usage | Application
Related | char

Updated on January 10, 2010 10:57:48pm PST